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Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry
Anatomy & Physiology
Marymount High School

a journey into the inner workings of the human body!


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Teacher:
Judith S. de Nuño

jdenuno@mhs-la.org

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Objectives Outline Terms WebLinks Search

Food Diary: The Chemical Composition of Foods

Notes: Go to First Class Anatomy Conference

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Chapter 2 Objectives

Concepts of Matter and Energy (pp. 22-23)

  • Differentiate clearly between matter and energy.
  • List the major energy forms and provide one example of how each energy form is used in the body.

Composition of Matter (pp. 23-28)

  • Define chemical element and list the four elements that form the bulk of body matter.
  • Explain how elements and atoms are related.
  • List the subatomic particles and describe their relative masses, charges, and positions in the atom.
  • Define radioisotope and describe briefly how radioisotopes are used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Molecules and Compounds (p. 28)

  • Recognize that chemical reactions involve the interaction of electrons to make and break chemical bonds.
  • Define molecule and explain how molecules are related to compounds.

Chemical Bonds and Chemical Reactions (pp. 28-36)

  • Differentiate between ionic, polar covalent, and nonpolar covalent bonds, and describe the importance of hydrogen bonds.
  • Contrast synthesis, decomposition, and exchange reactions.

Biochemistry: The Chemical Composition of Living Matter (pp. 36-48)

  • Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds.
  • Differentiate clearly between a salt, an acid, and a base.
  • List several salts (or their ions) vitally important to body functioning.
  • Explain the importance of water to body homeostasis and provide several examples of the roles of water.
  • Explain the concept of pH and state the pH of blood.
  • Compare and contrast carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in terms of their building blocks, structures, and functions in the body.
  • Differentiate between fibrous and globular proteins.
  • Compare and contrast the structure and functions of DNA and RNA.
  • Define enzyme and explain the role of enzymes.
  • Explain the importance of ATP in the body.  

Chapter 2 Outline Framework

  • CONCEPTS OF MATTER AND ENERGY (pp. 22-23)
  • Matter (p. 22)
    • States
    • Solids
    • Liquids
    • Gases
    • Changes
    • Physical Level
    • Chemical Level
  • Energy (pp. 22-23)
    • Forms of Energy
    • Chemical Energy
    • Electrical Energy
    • Mechanical Energy
    • Radiant Energy Energy from Conversions
  • COMPOSITION OF MATTER (pp. 23-28)
  • Elements and Atoms (pp. 23-24)
  • Atomic Structure (pp. 24-26)
    • Planetary and Orbital Models of an Atom
  • Identifying Elements (pp. 26-28)
    • Atomic Number
    • Atomic Mass
    • Mass Number
    • Atomic Weight and Isotopes
  • MOLECULES AND COMPOUNDS (p. 28)
  • CHEMICAL BONDS AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS (pp. 28-36)
  • Bond Formation (pp. 28-33)
    • Role of Electrons
  • Types of Chemical Bonds
    • Ionic Bonds
    • Covalent Bonds
    • Hydrogen Bonds
  • Patterns of Chemical Reactions (pp. 33-36)
    • Synthesis Reactions
    • Decomposition Reactions
    • Exchange Reactions
  • BIOCHEMISTRY: THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LIVING MATTER (pp. 36-48)
  • Inorganic Compounds (pp. 36-39)
    • Water
    • High Heat Capacity
    • Polarity/Solvent Properties
    • Chemical Reactivity
    • Cushioning
    • Salts
  • Acids and Bases
    • Characteristics of Acids
    • Characteristics of Bases
    • pH: Acid-Base Concentrations
  • Organic Compounds (pp. 39-48)
    • Carbohydrates
    • Monosaccharides
    • Disaccharides
    • Polysaccharides
    • Lipids
    • Neutral Fats
    • Phospholipids
    • Steroids
    • Proteins
    • Fibrous and Globular Proteins
    • Enzymes and Enzyme Activity
    • Nucleic Acids
    • Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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Chapter 2 Terms: (basic chemistry , biochemistry, and organic compounds)

Basic Chemistry (pp. 22~36)

  • matter
  • physical changes
  • chemical changes
  • energy
  • kinetic energy
  • potential energy
  • chemical energy
  • electrical energy
  • mechanical energy
  • radiant energy
  • elements
  • periodic table
  • atom
  • atomic symbol
  • protons
  • neutrons
  • electrons
  • planetary model
  • orbital model
  • atomic number
  • atomic mass
  • atomic weight
  • isotopes
  • radioisotopes
  • radioactivity
  • molecules
  • compound
  • chemical reactions
  • energy levels (electron shells)
  • valence shell
  • ionic bonds
  • ions
  • salts
  • covalent bonds
  • hydrogen bonds
  • synthesis reactions
  • decomposition reactions
  • exchange reactions

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Biochemistry (pp. 36~48)

  • organic compounds
  • inorganic compounds
  • water
  • heat capacity
  • polarity
  • solvent
  • solute
  • mixture
  • suspension
  • colloid
  • chemical reactivity
  • salts
  • electrolytes
  • acids
  • bases
  • neutralization reaction
  • pH
  • pH units
  • buffers

 

Organic Compounds

  • carbohydrates
  • monosaccharide
  • glucose
  • fructose
  • galactose
  • disaccharide
  • sucrose
  • lactose
  • maltose
  • hydrolysis
  • oligosaccarides
  • starch
  • glycogen
  • lipids
  • neutral fats (triglycerides)
  • fatty acids
  • glycerol
  • phospholipids
  • steroids
  • proteins
  • amino acids
  • amine group
  • acid group
  • R-group
  • fibrous proteins (structural proteins)
  • collagen
  • keratin
  • globular proteins
  • functional proteins
  • enzymes
  • active sites
  • catalyst a
  • ntibodies (immunoglobulins)
  • hormones
  • transport proteins
  • nucleic acids
  • nucleotides
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • complementary bases
  • double helix
  • ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
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Chapter 2 WebLinks

  • The Virtual Hospital
  • http://www.vh.org/
  • The Virtual Hospital is a digital health sciences library created in 1992 at the University of Iowa to help meet the information needs of health care providers and patients. The goal of the Virtual Hospital digital library is to make the Internet a useful medical reference and health promotion tool for health care providers and patients.
  • The Virtual Hospital contains over 350 peer-reviewed books and booklets from 160 authors in 29 departments and 4 colleges on The University of Iowa campus.

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