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Chapter 3: Cells and Tissues
Anatomy & Physiology
Marymount High School

a journey into the inner workings of the human body!


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Teacher:
Judith S. de Nuño

jdenuno@mhs-la.org

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Objectives Outline Terms WebLinks Search
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Chapter 3 Objectives

Cells (pp. 54-72)

  • Name the four elements that make up the bulk of living matter and list several trace elements.
  • Define cell, organelle, and inclusion.
  • Identify on a cell model or diagram the three major cell regions (nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane).
  • List the structures of the nucleus and explain the function of chromatin and nucleoli.
  • Identify on a cell model or describe the organelles and discuss the major function of each.
  • Define selective permeability, diffusion (including dialysis and osmosis), active transport, passive transport, solute pumping, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic.
  • Describe the structure of the plasma membrane, and explain how the various transport processes account for the directional movements of specific substances across the plasma membrane.
  • Describe briefly the process of DNA replication and of mitosis.
  • Explain the importance of mitotic cell division. In relation to protein synthesis, describe the roles of DNA and of the three varieties of RNA.

Body Tissues (pp. 74-86)

  • Name the four major tissue types and their chief subcategories.
  • Explain how the four major tissue types differ structurally and functionally.
  • Give the chief locations of the various tissue types in the body.
  • Describe the process of tissue repair (wound healing).

Developmental Aspects of Cells and Tissues (pp. 86-87)

  • Define neoplasm, and distinguish between benign and malignant neoplasms.
  • Explain the significance of the fact that some tissue types (muscle and nerve) are amitotic after the growth stages are over.

Chapter 3 Outline Framework

Chapter 3 - Cells and Tissues Part 1:

  • Cells (pp. 54-74) OVERVIEW OF THE CELLULAR BASIS OF LIFE (p. 54)
  • ANATOMY OF A GENERALIZED CELL (pp. 54-61)
  • The Nucleus (p. 55)
    • Nuclear Membrane
    • Nucleoli Chromatin
  • The Plasma Membrane (pp. 56-57)
    • Specializations of the Plasma Membrane
  • The Cytoplasm (pp. 57-61)
    • Cytoplasmic Organelles
      • Ribosomes
      • Endoplasmic Reticulum
      • Golgi Apparatus
      • Lysosomes
      • Peroxisomes
      • Mitochondria
      • Cytoskeleton
      • Centrioles
  • CELL PHYSIOLOGY (pp. 61-74)
  • Membrane Transport (pp. 61-67)
    • Passive Transport Processes:
      • Diffusion
      • Filtration
    • Active Transport Processes
      • Solute Pumping
      • Bulk Transport
      • Exocytosis
      • Endocytosis
  • Cell Division (pp. 67-72)
  • DNA Replication
  • Events of Cell Division
    • Mitosis
      • Prophase
      • Metaphase
      • Anaphase
      • Telophase
    • Cytokinesis
  • Protein Synthesis (pp. 72-74)
  • Genes: The Blueprint for Protein Structure
    • The Role of RNA
    • Transcription
    • Translation
  • Part 2: Body Tissues (pp. 74-86)
  • EPITHELIAL TISSUE (pp. 76-78)
  • Special Characteristics of Epithelium (p. 76)
  • Classification of Epithelium (pp. 76-78)
  • Simple Epithelia
    • Simple Squamous Epithelium
    • Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
    • Simple ColumnarEpithelium
  • Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
  • Stratified Epithelia
    • Stratified Squamous Epithelium
    • Stratified Cuboidal
    • Stratified Columnar Epithelia
  • Transitional Epithelium
  • Glandular Epithelium
    • Endocrine Glands
    • Exocrine Glands
  • CONNECTIVE TISSUE (pp. 78-82)
  • Common Characteristics of Connective Tissue (pp. 78-80)
  • Types of Connective Tissue (pp. 80-82)
    • Bone
    • Cartilage
    • Dense Connective Tissue
    • Loose Connective Tissue
    • Areolar Tissue
    • Adipose Tissue
    • Reticular Connective Tissue
    • Blood
  • MUSCLE TISSUE (pp. 82-84)
  • Types of Muscle Tissue (pp. 83-84)
    • Skeletal Muscle
    • Cardiac Muscle
    • Smooth Muscle
  • NERVOUS TISSUE (pp. 84-86)
    • neurons
    • supporting cells
  • Tissue Repair (Wound Healing) (pp. 84-86)
    • Regeneration
    • Fibrosis
  • DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF CELLS AND TISSUES (pp. 86-87)
    • neoplasm
    • hyperplasia

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Chapter 3 Terms: (Cells and Cell Processes and Tissues)

Cells and Cell Processes

Cells and Tissues pp. 54~74

  • cells
  • nucleus
  • nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope)
  • nucleoplasm
  • nucleoli
  • hromatin
  • chromosomes
  • plasma membrane
  • microvilli
  • membrane junctions
  • tight junctions
  • desmosomes
  • gap junctions
  • cytoplasm
  • cytosol
  • organelles
  • inclusions
  • ribosomes
  • endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  • rough ER
  • smooth ER
  • Golgi apparatus
  • transport vesicles
  • secretory vesicles
  • lysosomes
  • eroxisomes
  • free radicals
  • mitochondria
  • cytoskeleton
  • intermediate filaments
  • microfilaments
  • microtubules
  • centrioles
  • flagella
  • membrane transport
  • solution
  • solvent
  • solutes
  • intracellular fluid
  • interstitial fluid
  • selective permeability
  • passive transport processes
  • active transport processes
  • diffusion
  • concentration gradient
  • simple diffusion
  • osmosis
  • facilitated diffusion
  • filtration
  • pressure gradient
  • active transport processes
  • osmotic pressure
  • isotonic solution
  • hypertonic solution
  • hypotonic solution
  • solute pumping
  • solute pumps
  • bulk transport
  • exocytosis
  • endocytosis
  • phagocytosis
  • pinocytosis
  • cell division
  • cell life cycle
  • interphase
  • cell division
  • DNA replication
  • template
  • mitosis
  • cytokinesis
  • prophase
  • mitotic spindle
  • metaphase
  • anaphase
  • telophase
  • cleavage furrow
  • gene
  • transfer RNA (tRNA)
  • ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
  • messenger RNA (mRNA)
  • transcription
  • codon
  • triplet
  • anticodon
  • translation

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Tissues

Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous Tissue Repair

  • tissue

Epithelial Tissue

  • apical surface
  • basement membrane
  • simple epithelium
  • stratified epithelium
  • simple squamous epithelium
  • serous membranes (serosa, serosae)
  • simple cuboidal epithelium
  • simple columnar epithelium
  • globlet cells
  • mucous membranes (mucosa, mucosae)
  • pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  • stratified squamous epithelium
  • stratified cuboidal epithelium
  • stratified columnar epithelium
  • transitional epithelium
  • glandualr epithelium
  • gland secretion
  • endocrine glands
  • exocrine glands

Connective Tissue

  • vascularized extracellular matrix
  • collagen fibers
  • elastic fibers
  • reticular fibers
  • bone
  • cartilage
  • hyaline cartilage
  • elastic cartilage
  • fibrocartilage
  • dense connective tissue (dense fibrous tissue)
  • tendons
  • ligaments
  • loose connective tissue
  • areolar tissue
  • edema
  • adipose tissue
  • reticular connective tissue
  • stroma
  • blood

Muscle Tissue

  • skeletal muscle
  • cardiac muscle
  • intercalated disks
  • smooth muscle (visceral muscle)

Nervous Tissue

  • neurons
  • supporting cells

Tissue Repair

  • regeneration
  • fibrosis
  • granulation tissue
  • neoplasm

 

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Chapter 3 WebLinks

  • The Virtual Hospital
  • http://www.vh.org/
  • The Virtual Hospital is a digital health sciences library created in 1992 at the University of Iowa to help meet the information needs of health care providers and patients. The goal of the Virtual Hospital digital library is to make the Internet a useful medical reference and health promotion tool for health care providers and patients.
  • The Virtual Hospital contains over 350 peer-reviewed books and booklets from 160 authors in 29 departments and 4 colleges on The University of Iowa campus.
  • Quia! Site:
  • http://www.quia.com/med.html
  • flash cards, games, drills, and simulations to help you learn
  • vocabulary terms, prefixes, suffixes, etc.
  • There are 35 different games to help you practice
  • terms
  • anatomic directions and body positions
  • blood and immunity
  • body cavities and body regions
  • body structure
  • cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
  • cells, tissues and organs
  • directional terms
  • disease
  • drugs
  • integmentary system
  • musculoskeletal system
  • respiration
  • suffixes and plural endings
  • urology

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