Nervous

Document

Subject: Objectives

Chapter 7 Objectives

Organization of the Nervous System (pp. 195-196)

List the general functions of the nervous system.

Explain the structural and functional classifications of the nervous system.

Define central nervous system and peripheral nervous system and list the major parts of each.

Nervous Tissue: Structure and Function (pp. 196-205)

State the function of neurons and neuroglia.

Describe the general structure of a neuron and name its important anatomical regions.

Describe the composition of gray matter and white matter.

List the two major functional properties of neurons.

Classify neurons according to structure and function.

List the types of general sensory receptors and describe their functions.

Describe the events that lead to the generation of a nerve impulse and its conduction from one neuron to another.

Define reflex arc and list its elements.

Central Nervous System (pp. 205-217)

Identify and indicate the functions of the major regions of the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum on a human brain model or diagram.

Name the three meningeal layers and state their functions.

Discuss the formation and function of cerebrospinal fluid and the blood-brain barrier.

Compare the signs of a CVA with those of Alzheimer s disease; of a contusion with those of a concussion.

Define EEG and explain how it evaluates neural functioning.

List two important functions of the spinal cord.

Describe spinal cord structure.

Peripheral Nervous System (pp. 218-229)

Describe the general structure of a nerve.

Identify the cranial nerves by number and by name, and list the major functions of each.

Describe the origin and fiber composition of (a) ventral and dorsal roots, (b) the spinal nerve proper, and (c) ventral and dorsal rami.

Discuss the distribution of the dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves.

Name the four major nerve plexuses, give the major nerves of each, and describe their distribution.

Identify the site of origin and explain the function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

Contrast the effect of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions on the following organs: heart, lungs, digestive system, blood vessels.

Developmental Aspects of the Nervous System (pp. 229-232)

List several factors that may have harmful effects on brain development.

Briefly describe the cause, signs, and consequences of the following congenital disorders: spina bifida, anencephaly, cerebral palsy.

Explain the decline in brain size and weight that occurs with age.

Define senility and list some possible causes.

Document

Subject: Outline Framework

Chapter 7 - The Nervous System

ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM (pp. 195-196)

Structural Classification (p. 195)

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Functional Classification (pp. 195-196)

Sensory (Afferent) Division

Motor (Efferent) Division

Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

NERVOUS TISSUE: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION (pp. 196-205)

Supporting Cells (pp. 196-198)

Neurons (pp. 199-205)

Anatomy

Classification

Sensory (Afferent) Neurons

Motor (Efferent) Neurons

Association Neurons (Interneurons)

Physiology

Nerve Impulses

Reflex Arc

Autonomic Reflexes

Somatic Reflexes

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (pp. 205-217)

Functional Anatomy of the Brain (pp. 206-211)

Cerebral Hemispheres

Diencephalon

Brain Stem

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla Oblongata

Cerebellum

Protection of the Central Nervous System (pp. 211-214)

Meninges

Cerebrospinal Fluid

The Blood-Brain Barrier

Brain Dysfunctions (pp. 215-216)

Traumatic Brain Injuries

Degenerative Brain Diseases

Cerebrovascular Accidents

Alzheimer's Disease

Spinal Cord (p. 216)

Gray Matter of the Spinal Cords and Spinal Roots (pp. 216-217)

White Matter of the Spinal Cord

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (pp. 218-229)

Structure of a Nerve (p. 218)

Mixed Nerves

Sensory (Afferent) Nerves

Motor (Efferent) Nerves

Cranial Nerves (pp. 218-221)

Olfactory

Optic

Oculomotor

Trochlear

Trigeminal

Abducens

Facial

Vestibulocochlear

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

Accessory

Hypoglossal

Spinal Nerves and Nerve Plexuses (pp. 222-224)

Autonomic Nervous System (pp. 225-229)

Comparison of the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems

Anatomy of the Sympathetic Division

Anatomy of the Parasympathetic Division

Autonomic Functioning

DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM (pp. 229-232)

Document

Subject: Terms: CNS (205~217)

Central Nervous System

pp. 205~217

Brain

neural tube

ventricles

cerebral hemispheres

gyri

sulci

fissures

somatic sensory area

parietal lobe

occipital lobe

temporal lobe

primary motor area

frontal lobe

pyramidal (corticospinal) tract

Broca's area

speech area

gray matter

cerebral cortex

cerebral white matter

corpus callosum

basal nuclei

Huntington's chorea

parkinson's disease

diencephalon (interbrain)

thalamus

hypothalamus

limbic system

pituitary gland

mamillary godies

epithalamus

pineal body

choroid plexis

brain stem

reticular formation

reticular activating system (RAS)

midbrain

cerebral aqueduct

cerebral peduncles

corpora quadrigimina

pons

medulla oblongata

cerebellum

meninges

dura mater

arachnoid mater

pia mater

arachnoid villi

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

blood~brain barrier

Brain Dysfunction

traumatic brain injuries

concusion

contusion

cerebral edema

cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Alzheimer's disease

Spinal Cord

dorsal (posterior) horns

ventral (anterior) horns

central canal

dorsal root

dorsal root ganglion

ventral root

posterior column

lateral column

anterior column

Document

Subject: Terms: Nerve Basics (194~205)

Nervous System Basics

pp. 194~205

sensory input

integration

motor output

central nervous system (CNS)

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

sensory (afferent) nerves

motor (efferent) nerves)

somatic nervous system

voluntary nervous system

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

involuntary nevrous system

Nerve Cells and Tissues

neuroglia

astrocytes

microglia

ependymal cells

oligodencrocytes

Schwann cells

satellite cells

neurons

cell body

processes (fibers)

dendrites

axons

axonal terminals

neurotransmitters

synaptic cleft

synapse

myelin

myelin sheath

neurolemma

nodes of Ranvier

nuclei

ganglia

tracts

nerves

white matter

gray matter

receptors

cutaneous sense organs

proprioceptors

association neurons (interneurons)

multipolar neuron

bipolar neuron

unipolar neuron

nerve impulse

polarized

depolarization

action potential

repolarization

saltatory conduction

reflexes

relex arc

autonomic reflexes

somatic reflexes

Document

Subject: Terms: Brain (205~216)

Peripheral Nervous System

pp. 218~229

nerve

endoneurium

perineurium

fascicles

epineruium

mixed nerver

afferent (sensory) nerves

efferent (motor) nerves

crainial nerves

olfactory

optic

oculomotor

trochlear

trigeminal

abducens

facial

vestibulocochlear (auditory)

glossopharynteal

accessory (spinal accessory)

hypoglossal

spinal nerves

dorsal ramus (rami)

ventral ramus(rami)

plexus (plexuses)

cervical plexus

brachiual plexus

lumbar plexus

sacral plexus

phrenic nerve

sicatic nerve

Autonomic Nervous System

involuntary nervous system

preganglionic axon

postganglionic axon

sympathetic division

symphathetic chain (trunk)

collateral ganglion

parasympathetic division

terminal ganglion

Document

Subject: Vocabulary Games and Drills

Quia! Site: flash cards, games, drills, and simulations to help you learn vocabulary terms, prefixes, suffixes, etc.

http://www.quia.com/med.html

There are 35 different games to help you practice terms

anatomic directions and body positions

blood and immunity

body cavities and body regions

body structure

cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

cells, tissues and organs

directional terms

disease

drugs

integmentary system

musculoskeletal system

respiration

suffixes and plural endings

urology

Document

Subject: WebLinks

Anatomy and Physiology for High School

http://www.msms.doe.k12.ms.us/biology/anatomy/apmain.html

An Anatomy and Physiology site aimed at high school students. Click on the appropriate organ system for hyperlinked text and animations. This site is very easy to understand and use.

Anatomy and Physiology Home Page

An online class/tutorial on anatomy and physiology from Springfield Technical Community College

http://lls.stcc.mass.edu/tamarkin/APhome.htm

Scroll Down and click on the appropriate unit

Good text explantions and diagrams

General Biology II at the University of Cinncinnatti

The BUGLADY Site

http://buglady.clc.uc.edu/biology/bio105/carter.htm

Go to ClassNotes and then to the appropriate unit.

A simple and clear introduction to tissues and organ systems

Good diagrams!