Document

Subject:  Objectives

Chapter 8 Objectives

The Eye and Vision (pp. 240-251)

When provided with a model or diagram, identify the accessory eye structures and list the functions of each.

Name the eye tunics and indicate the major function of each.

Explain how rod and cone function differ.

Describe image formation on the retina.

Trace the pathway of light through the eye to the retina.

Discuss the importance of an ophthalmoscopic examination.

Define the following terms: accommodation, astigmatism, blind spot, cataract, emmetropia, glaucoma, hyperopia, myopia, and refraction.

Trace the visual pathway to the optic cortex.

Discuss the importance of the pupillary and convergence reflexes.

The Ear: Hearing and Balance (pp. 251-257)

Identify the structures of the external, middle, and internal ear, and list the functions of each.

Explain the function of the organ of Corti in hearing.

Define sensorineural and conductive deafness and list possible causes of each.

Explain how one is able to localize the source of a sound.

Describe how the equilibrium organs help maintain balance.

Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell (pp. 257-259)

Describe the location, structure, and function of the olfactory and taste receptors.

Name the four basic taste sensations and list factors that modify the sense of taste.

Developmental Aspects of the Special Senses (pp. 259-261)

Describe changes that occur in the special sense organs with age.          

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Document

Subject:  Outline Framework

Chapter 8 - Special Senses

THE EYE AND VISION (pp. 240-251)

Anatomy of the Eye (pp. 240-247)

External and Accessory Structures

Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Lacrimal Apparatus

Eyelids and Eyelashes

Conjunctiva

Internal Structures: The Eyeball

Tunics of the Eyeball

Sclera

Choroid

Retina

Lens

Pathway of Light Through the Eye and Light Refraction (pp. 247-249)

Visual Fields and Visual Pathways to the Brain (p. 250)

Eye Reflexes (pp. 250-251)

Photopupillary

Accommodation Pupillary

Convergence

THE EAR: HEARING AND BALANCE (pp. 251-257)

Anatomy of the Ear (pp. 251-253)

Outer (External) Ear

Pinna

Exernal Auditory Canal

Tympanic Membrane

Middle Ear

Ossicles

Auditory Tube

Inner (Internal) Ear

Cochlea

Vestibule

Semicircular Canals

Mechanisms of Equilibrium (pp. 253-254)

Static Equilibrium

Dynamic Equilibrium

Hearing and Equilibrium Deficits (pp. 256-257)

CHEMICAL SENSES: SMELL AND TASTE (pp. 257-259)

Olfactory Receptors and the Sense of Smell (pp. 257-258)

Taste Buds and the Sense of Taste (pp. 258-259)

Sweet

Salt

Sour

Bitter

DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE SPECIAL SENSES (pp. 259-261)    

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Document

Subject:  Terms:  Eyes (240~251)

Eyes and Vision

pp. 240~251

eyelids

eyelashes

meibomian glands

ciliary glands

conjunctiva

lacrimal apparatus

lacrimal glands

lacrimal canals

lacrimal sac

nasolacrimal duct

extrinsic (external) eye muscles

eyeball

sclera

cornea

choroid

ciliary body

lens

iris

pupil

retina

rods

cones

photoreceptors

optic nerve

optic disk (blind spot)

fovea centralis

color blilndness

cataracts

aqueous humor

vitreous humor

canal of Schlemm

glaucoma

fundus

accomodation

astigmatism

optic chiasma

optic tracts

optic radiation

binocular vision

convergence

photopupillary reflex

accomodation pupillary reflex

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Document

Subject:  Terms: Ears (251~257)

Ears: Hearing and Balance

pp. 251~257)

mechanoreceptors

outer ear

pinna (auricle)

external auditory canal

ceruminous glands

earwax (cerumen)

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

middle ear (tympanic cavity)

oval window

round window

auditory tube

ossicles

hammer (malleus)

anvil (incus)

stirrup (stapes)

inner (internal) ear

osseous (bony) labyrinth

cochlea

vestibule

semicircular canals

perilymph

membranous labyrinth

endolymph

organ of Corti

hair cells

basilar membrane

tectorial membrane

cochlear nerve

vestibular apparatus

static equilibrium

maculae

otolithic membrane

otoliths

vestibular nerve

dynamic equilibrium

crista ampullaris

cupula

vestibular nerve

deafness

conduction deafness

sensorineural deafness

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Document

Subject:  Terms:Taste/Smell (257~259)

Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell

pp. 257~259

chemoreceptors

olfactory receptors

olfactory receptor cells

olfactory nerve

taste buds

papillae

gustatory cells

gustatory hairs

facial nerve

glossopharyngeal nerve

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Document

Subject:  Vocabulary Games and Drills

Quia! Site: flash cards, games,  drills, and simulations to help you learn vocabulary terms, prefixes, suffixes, etc.

http://www.quia.com/med.html

There are 35 different games to help you practice terms

anatomic directions and body positions

blood and immunity

body cavities and body regions

body structure

cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

cells, tissues and organs

directional terms

disease

drugs

integmentary system

musculoskeletal system

respiration

suffixes and plural endings

urology

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Document

Subject:  WebLinks

Anatomy and Physiology for High School

http://www.msms.doe.k12.ms.us/biology/anatomy/apmain.html

An Anatomy and Physiology site aimed at high school students.  Click on the appropriate organ system for hyperlinked text and animations.  This site is very easy to understand and use.

Anatomy and Physiology Home Page

An online class/tutorial on anatomy and physiology from Springfield Technical Community College

http://lls.stcc.mass.edu/tamarkin/APhome.htm

Scroll Down and click on the appropriate unit

Good text explantions and diagrams

General Biology II at the University of Cinncinnatti

The BUGLADY Site

http://buglady.clc.uc.edu/biology/bio105/carter.htm

Go to ClassNotes and then to the appropriate unit.

A simple and clear introduction to tissues and organ systems

Good diagrams!

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